Spectroscopic diagonosis-Fundamentals

Time-resolved spectroscopic imaging reveals the fundamentals of cellular NADH fluorescence.

A time-resolved spectroscopic imaging system is built to study the fluorescence characteristics of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), an important metabolic coenzyme and endogenous fluorophore in cells. The system provides a unique approach to measure fluorescence signals in different cellular organelles and cytoplasm. The ratios of free over protein-bound NADH signals in cytosol and nuc...

Fundamentals of Supply Chain Management Fundamentals of Supply Chain Management Fundamentals of Supply Chain Management

2 Fundamentals

In this chapter we discuss basic terminology and notation for graphs, some fundamental algorithms, and a few other mathematical preliminaries. We denote the set of integers by , the set of real numbers by , the set of complex numbers by , and the set of rationals by . For a set X of numbers, X denotes the subset of positive numbers in X , and X 0 the subset of nonnegative numbers. The set of po...

Electromyography Fundamentals

Research Fundamentals

Animal research has provided important information about many aspects of the pathophysiology of human disease. Well-performed animal studies can determine the potential benefit of many proposed therapeutic interventions, and experimental results from animal studies have served as the basis for many landmark clinical trials. Many animal research models are described in the research literature, a...